Ideally, this should have been the first article in the series of stupid mistakes women make in relationships, but it took me a while to get my thoughts together, partly because it’s a very complex issue, and partly because it hits very close to home.
As someone who suffered physical abuse in childhood (that comprised beatings inflicted on me and my siblings by a maid servant), I guess I can write about this topic with some degree of sensitivity.
What spurred me to actually start writing this was being interviewed for an article on domestic abuse by Ryzer Pallavi Bhattacharya, and the fact that the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 comes into effect in India from tomorrow.
I think this is an historic act for Indian women, because it also includes punishment for sexual abuse of children. As per the new act, men found guilty of abuse of a wife or a live-in-partner or a child can be jailed for a year or fined heavily, apart from beind booked under different sections of Indian Penal Code.
It allows victims of abuse to seek legal action for any of the following:
Physical violence: Beating, pushing, shoving, causing bodily pain.
Sexual violence: Forced sexual intercourse, forced to look at pornography, child sexual abuse.
Verbal and emotional abuse: Insults, name calling, insults for not having a male child, preventing from taking a job, forcing you a marry a particular person, forcing you to get married when you don’t want to get married, threat to commit suicide and preventing you from meeting any person.
Economic offences: Not providing money for your and children’s maintenance, not providing food, cloth and medicines, stopping or disturbing from carrying your employment, not allowing you to use your salary, forcing you to live in a house, not paying rent and forcing you out of the house.
If screaming and yelling classifies as verbally abusing your spouse, I think most people in relationships could claim to have been in abusive situations. While a single incident does not necessarily make a relationship abusive, I’d draw the line at staying in a relationship that featured one or more of these patterns on a regular basis.
But, for some of the more damaging forms of abuse (child sexual abuse, rape, physical violence), a single incident is sufficient warning of dysfunctional or abusive tendencies, and should be taken very seriously.
Pallavi asked me (and other women’s activists) some basic questions regarding abuse, and I reproduce some of her questions and my own take on this issue here.
What is an abusive relationship?
An abusive relationship is any relationship that threatens your well-being and/or violates your boundaries, either physically, mentally, emotionally or spiritually.
Physical abuse includes hitting, beating, torture and rape.
Sexual abuse should also include forcing one’s partner to perform acts they are uncomfortable with.
Mental abuse includes manipulating people into doing things they are not comfortable with, or attempting to convince a person that they are crazy (when it is really the abuser who is the crazy one).
Emotional abuse is an attempt to destroy another person’s self-esteem and keep them dependent on the abuser, e.g. convincing a person they are no good, that they cannot do without the abuser, that no one else will want them, that they are unattractive and stupid.
Spiritual abuse often goes unnoticed because it is very subtle. It is usually an attack on the person’s beliefs, telling them that what they believe is wrong, and trying to coerce them to change the way they think or feel, even when they are unwilling to do so. Forcing a person to convert to another religion would classify as spiritual abuse.
What causes spouse abuse? Why do spouses stay in an abusive relationship?
Here’s my take on this. On the psychological level, abuse is about power and control. Abusers are usually people who have been abused or have grown up in a dysfunctional home.
Their tendency to abuse or control is based on a feeling of being powerless to prevent situations or acts that they had to endure as children. Abusing or controlling another person is a way of regaining the power they had lost as children.
Because the abusive relationship is the only pattern of “love” they are familiar with, people who have been abused, neglected or abandoned in childhood choose to get into and remain in abusive relationships in adulthood, because the pattern feels familiar and therefore, “safe”.
The exception, of course, is an arranged marriage (popular in many countries, including India), especially one where the abuse is based on dowry demands. Here the abused woman is usually not aware of the abusive tendencies of her spouse (and his family) when she opts to get married.
Not all chidren who have been abused or lived in dysfunctional homes become abusers when they grow up. Some enter into codependent relationships that involve excessive giving or taking. The lucky ones are able to deal with their pain in a healthy manner and go on to have healthy relationships.
A lot of Indian marriages are codependent relationships, with men, in general, being takers (on the narsicisstic side of the codependent spectrum). I blame this more on the fact that the boy child is still valued more (and hence treated far better) than the girl child in India, and the sexes have well-defined roles in traditional Indian marriages.
There are exceptions, of course, where the woman is the taker. But, the fact remains that most women choose to remain in abusive relationships because they have low self-esteem and have nowhere else to go.
If you, as a grown woman, make that choice, you are just as guilty of tolerating abuse as your abuser is of meting it out. Ultimately it boils down to whether you’re willing to take responsibility for yourself and your own well-being.
Why children are NOT a reason to stay in an abusive relationship:
If you’ve decided to stay in an abusive relationship for the sake of your children, here are a couple of facts you should consider very seriously.
- It’s much better for a child to have one happy parent than two unhappy ones. That’s a fact, not an opinion!
- Children who see their parents tolerate abuse are learning that it’s ok to accept or inflict abuse.
By choosing to stay in an abusive relationship, you not only become a bad role model for your kids, but are creating an unhealthy model for relationships in their young minds, making them more likely to become abusers or victims of abuse themselves.
I have seen, from personal experience, that children of women who chose to stay in abusive relationships are often more angry with their mother for not getting out of the relationship than they are with the abusive father.
Your children will lose respect for you and blame you for the anguish they had to go through, because YOU HAD A CHOICE AND THEY DIDN’T.
What should you do if you’re in an abusive relationship?
Get out now! Realize that you have a choice. You do NOT have to remain in an abusive relationship. Remove yourself from the abusive situation immediately.
Get help. There are many organisations and people willing to help women who are abused. Ask them about your rights and your legal course of action. You’ll find a list of organisations to contact here.
Spend time getting in touch with yourself and your own needs. Get clear on what you really want to do with your life. Find a purpose in your life and follow your dreams. It will help you re-build your self-esteem and become independent.
Learn to understand and deal with your own codependent tendencies. Stop thinking that another person can make you feel happy or secure or fulfilled. You are the only one who can make you feel that way. Cultivate independence and you’ll attract healthy partners and relationships.
Believe in yourself. Know that you do not need anyone but yourself to take care of your needs. Have faith in your ability to do that. When you learn take care of your own needs, you’ll never have to settle for being in an abusive situation again.
Recommended Reading:
Emotionally Abused Women
Marriage and family therapist, Beverly Engel, discusses the emotional abuse of women, how to stand up to an abusive partner, get out of an abusive relationship, and even deal with emotional abuse in the workplace.
Beverly Engel’s Books on Abusive Relationships
Beverly is the best selling author of eighteen self-help books. She is a psychotherapist with over 25 years of experience and is an internationally recognized expert in the fields of abuse, women’s issues, relationships, and sexuality.
Women Who Love Too Much by Robin Norwood
Although I’ve spent a lot of time working on my codependent tendencies, this excellent book, which I’m currently reading, made me painfully aware of how these patterns were reinforced by my abusive childhood and my parents’ dysfunctional marriage. Armed with that knowledge, I now feel more empowered to understand and change my own patterns. I highly recommend it if you find that you have a tendency to attract needy partners or give far more than you get in relationships.
Codependence: Painful Adult Behaviors Learned in Childhood
An excellent article that explores the origins of codependence, and why women are more prone to codependent behaviour.
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